WHEREAS, law enforcement agencies throughout the United States and the world need the ability to identify, analyze, and, most importantly, share critical criminal and terrorism-related information to effectively address violent crime, drug trafficking, human trafficking, terrorism, and other emerging criminal acts; and

WHEREAS, the Regional Information Sharing Systems (RISS) Program is composed of six regional centers (the Middle Atlantic-Great Lakes Organized Crime Law Enforcement Network, the Mid-States Organized Crime Information Center, the New England State Police Information Network, the Regional Organized Crime Information Center, the Rocky Mountain Information Network, and the Western States Information Network) that serve the unique needs of their regions while working together on nationwide initiatives and the RISS Technology Support Center (RTSC); and

WHEREAS, RISS provides investigative support services to more than 150,000 participants and users in more than 9,200 criminal justice agencies at the local, state, federal, and tribal levels in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, U.S. territories, England, New Zealand, and parts of Canada; and

WHEREAS, RISS links thousands of criminal justice agencies through secure communications and provides information sharing resources and investigative support services to combat multijurisdictional crimes, including violent crime, gang activity, illegal drug trafficking, terrorism, human trafficking, identity theft, cybercrime, and other regional priorities and emerging threats; and

WHEREAS, RISS operates the RISS Secure Cloud (RISSNET), which connects disparate systems nationwide and enables users to conduct federated searches for public safety information, providing immediate information to law enforcement officers in the field; and

WHEREAS, RISS provides valuable investigative and officer safety resources such as the RISS Criminal Intelligence Database (RISSIntel), the RISS Officer Safety Event Deconfliction System (RISSafe), the RISS National Gang Program (RISSGang), the RISS Automated Trusted Information Exchange (RISS ATIX), the RISSLeads Investigative Website, the RISS Master Telephone Index, the RISS Money Counter Project, the RISS Property and Recovery Tracking System (RISSProp), the Drug Pricing Reference Guide, and other investigative websites and resources; and

WHEREAS, RISSafe dramatically enhances officer safety by storing and maintaining data on planned law enforcement investigative events, with the goal of identifying and alerting nearby law enforcement agencies and officers of potential geographical conflicts to help avoid friendly fire tragedies; and

WHEREAS, the RISS Centers respond to thousands of technical assistance requests from law enforcement agencies and officers; provide access to millions of critical intelligence and investigative records; provide analytical and digital forensics products in support of investigators and prosecutors to help identify, detect, and apprehend suspects and enhance prosecutorial success in court; conduct thousands of database searches and research, which result in access to information by law enforcement officers that they otherwise might not have had access to; support fusion centers nationwide to connect systems to RISSIntel; and offer training opportunities. Now, therefore, be it

RESOLVED, that the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) acknowledges the RISS Program as indispensable to local, state, tribal, and federal law enforcement efforts against crime and terrorism and officer and citizen safety and strongly urges the United States Congress to fully fund the RISS Program.

Submitted by: Individual Member

Co-sponsored by: Narcotics & Dangerous Drugs Committee

IDV.10.19

WHEREAS, acts of school violence continue to represent a vexing challenge, with tragic and devastating results1 and

WHEREAS, research conducted by the Secret Service in 2004 and currently being conducted by the Police Foundation, with funding from the United States Department of Justice, has concluded that school violence can be averted through building relationships of trust and open communication within the student body;2 and

WHEREAS, that research has also found that students who commit school violence often have unaddressed mental health or personal challenges;3 and

WHEREAS, the Police Foundation’s Averted School Violence Database project collects, analyzes and publishes incidents of averted and completed acts of school violence and provides a resource for law enforcement, schools, mental health professionals and others involved in preventing school violence by sharing ways in which other school attacks have been identified and prevented;4 and

WHEREAS, the IACP is committed to building effective and strong partnerships with educational institutions and community service providers to avert school violence wherever possible. Now, therefore, be it

RESOLVED, that the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), encourages all law enforcement agencies to report information to the Averted School Violence database so that such research-based approaches can be effectively utilized to prevent further violent acts.

Submitted by: Juvenile Justice & Child Protection Committee

Co-Sponsored by: Crime Prevention Committee and Private Sector Liaison Section

JJCP.11.19

1 National Center for Education Statistics, “School Crime,” https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=49.

2 Bryan Vossekuil et al., The Final Report and Findings of the Safe School Initiative: Implications for the Prevention of School Attacks in the United States (Washington, DC: United States Secret Service and the United States Department of Education, July 2004), 42, https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED515942.pdf.

3 Peter Langman and Frank Straub, A Comparison of Averted and Completed School Attacks from the Police Foundation Averted School Violence Database (Washington, DC: United States Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, 2019), 18.

4 Langman and Frank Straub, A Comparison of Averted and Completed School Attacks (February 2019), 23; National Police Foundation, “Averted School Attacks Data Collection Platform,” https://www.policefoundation.org/projects/averted-school-attacks-data-collection-   platform/.

WHEREAS, there has been recent significant understanding of how emotional neglect and exposure to serious trauma affect the way children perceive and interact with their world both during childhood and into adulthood;1 and

WHEREAS, such traumatic incidents and events include emotional and physical abuse and neglect,  sexual abuse, separation from or loss of a parent due to divorce or other reasons, serious injury or death of a parent, exposure to family discord, domestic violence, parental mental illness, substance abuse, criminal activity in the home, and other traumatic and non-nurturing experiences and environments;2 and

WHEREAS, abuse, neglect, and traumatic events compose part of what has been described in the medical literature as “adverse childhood experiences” or “ACEs,” and there is cumulative potential impact to a child who has a significant history of exposure to neglect and trauma;3 and

WHEREAS, it is now understood that significant exposure to severe traumatic events as outlined above can negatively affect a child’s developing brain and result in a substantially impaired ability to develop healthy coping skills and adapt to life’s challenges as the child becomes an adult;4 and

WHEREAS, children and adults whose brains have been negatively affected by exposure to severe or repeated serious trauma, often experience persistent and sometimes overwhelming dysfunctional emotions of fear, anxiety, depression, hopelessness, and anger and may exhibit socially inappropriate or aggressive behaviors;5 and

WHEREAS, those exposed to ACEs have a higher likelihood of abusing tobacco, alcohol, prescription medications, illicit drugs, and other substances;6 and

WHEREAS, those who have experienced ACEs are more likely to become directly engaged with law enforcement and the criminal justice system;7 and

WHEREAS, in order to maximize the potential for positive outcomes of those exposed to ACEs, it is imperative that all law enforcement officers endeavor to understand the impact of adverse childhood experiences and, how as leaders in communities who work with schools, child protective services, non- profit organizations, and faith based groups in building capacities, to provide protective factors to help overcome the exposure to such ACEs. Now, therefore, be it

RESOLVED that the International Association of Chiefs of Police encourages all law enforcement agencies to become well informed regarding the correlation between adverse childhood experiences and numerous negative outcomes as outlined in this resolution, so that law enforcement agencies may work with professionals in developing age-appropriate responses in providing protective factors and developing resiliency in children and adults currently suffering from trauma-related experiences to help them recover and function at their full capacity and potential in school, the workplace, and community and avoid negative involvement with the criminal justice system.

Submitted by: Juvenile Justice & Child Protection Committee

Co-Sponsored by: Crime Prevention Committee, Victim Services Committee, and Community Policing Committee

JJCP.12.19

1 ACES 360 Iowa. 2019. ACES Imact on Brain Development. Accessed August 2019. https://www.iowaaces360.org/aces-and- development.html.

Bartos, Leah. January 2016. "Pipeline to Prison May Start with Childhood Trauma." California Health Report.

Houry, Debra, MD, MPHA. 2019. Idntifying, Preventing, and Treating Childhood Trauma. 11 July. Accessed August 24, 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/washington/testimony/2019/t20190711.htm.

Kiburi, Sarah Kanana, Keneilwe Molbesti, Anne Obondno, and Mary W. Kuria. 2018. "Adverse Childhood Experience Among Patients with Substance Abuse Disoders at a Referreal Hospital - Kenya."

National Center for Education Statistics. n.d. School Crime. Accessed August 2019. https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=49.

National Police Foundation. n.d. National Police Foundation. Accessed August 2019. https://www.policefoundation.org/projects/averted-school-attacks-data-collection-platform/.

Statistics, Bureau of Justice. 2015. 2015 Violent Crime Statistics. Washington DC: US Department of Justice. The Centers for Disease Control. 2019. About Adverse Childhood Experiences. Accessed August 2019.

https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/childabuseandneglect/acestudy/aboutace.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A

%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fviolenceprevention%2Facestudy%2Fabout_ace.html.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2019. About the CDC - Kaiser ACE Study. Accessed July 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/childabuseandneglect/acestudy/about.html.

2019. The National Center for Biotechnology Information. Accessed August 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/.

The National Traumatic Chlid Strett Network. 2019. Effects. Accessed August 2019. https://www.nctsn.org/what-is-child- trauma/trauma-types/complex-trauma/effects.https://www.nctsn.org/what-is-child-trauma/trauma-types/complex-trauma/effects.

2 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “About the CDC - Kaiser ACE Study,”   https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/childabuseandneglect/acestudy/about.html.

3 The Centers for Disease Control, “About Adverse Childhood Experiences,” https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/childabuseandneglect/acestudy/aboutace.html.

4 ACES 360 Iowa. 2019. ACES Imact on Brain Development. Accessed August 2019. https://www.iowaaces360.org/aces-and- development.html.

Bartos, Leah. January 2016. "Pipeline to Prison May Start with Childhood Trauma." California Health Report.

Houry, Debra, MD, MPHA. 2019. Idntifying, Preventing, and Treating Childhood Trauma. 11 July. Accessed August 24, 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/washington/testimony/2019/t20190711.htm.

Kiburi, Sarah Kanana, Keneilwe Molbesti, Anne Obondno, and Mary W. Kuria. 2018. "Adverse Childhood Experience Among Patients with Substance Abuse Disoders at a Referreal Hospital - Kenya."

National Center for Education Statistics. n.d. School Crime. Accessed August 2019. https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=49.

National Police Foundation. n.d. National Police Foundation. Accessed August 2019. https://www.policefoundation.org/projects/averted-school-attacks-data-collection-platform/.

Statistics, Bureau of Justice. 2015. 2015 Violent Crime Statistics. Washington DC: US Department of Justice. The Centers for Disease Control. 2019. About Adverse Childhood Experiences. Accessed August 2019.

https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/childabuseandneglect/acestudy/aboutace.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A

%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fviolenceprevention%2Facestudy%2Fabout_ace.html.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2019. About the CDC - Kaiser ACE Study. Accessed July 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/childabuseandneglect/acestudy/about.html.

2019. The National Center for Biotechnology Information. Accessed August 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/.

The National Traumatic Chlid Strett Network. 2019. Effects. Accessed August 2019. https://www.nctsn.org/what-is-child- trauma/trauma-types/complex-trauma/effects.

5 The National Center for Biotechnology Information, “Welcome to NCBI,” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

6 Identifying, Preventing, and Treating Childhood Trauma: Before the House Oversight and Reform Committee, 116th Cong. (July 11, 2019) (testimony of Debra Houry, MD, director, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control),  https://www.cdc.gov/washington/testimony/2019/t20190711.htm.

7 Leah Bartos, “Pipeline to Prison May Start with Childhood Trauma,” January 6, 2016, California Health Report,   https://www.calhealthreport.org/2016/01/06/pipeline-to-prison-may-start-with-childhood-trauma.

WHEREAS, drug overdose is the leading cause of accidental death in the United States, with 70,237 lethal drug overdoses in 2017; and

WHEREAS, the President of the United States of America declared the opioid crisis a national public health emergency in late 2017; and

WHEREAS, cocaine availability and use in the United States has rebounded, in large part because of significant increases in coca cultivation and cocaine production in Colombia, and cocaine-involved overdose deaths in the United States are exceeding 2007 benchmark levels; and

WHEREAS, there is an overabundance of high-purity methamphetamine supply available in the United States’ illicit drug market, and methamphetamine overdose deaths in the United States were 18 times higher in 2017 than in 2000; and

WHEREAS, the problems presented by the unprecedented flow of drugs into this country by transnational criminal organizations (TCOs) continue to be a threat in most areas of the United States; and

WHEREAS, most TCO members coordinate transportation and distribution of wholesale quantities of illicit drugs to domestic markets, with retail-level distribution mainly handled by smaller local groups and street gangs; and

WHEREAS, national and neighborhood-based street gangs and prison gangs continue to dominate the market for the street distribution of illicit drugs in their respective territories throughout the country; and

WHEREAS, struggle for control of these lucrative drug trafficking territories continues to be the largest factor fueling the street gang violence, including murder and attempted murder, facing local communities; and

WHEREAS, drug-related murders comprised 24% of all murders associated with another felony in 2017, second only to robbery, according to data reported to the FBI; and

WHEREAS, the National Criminal Victimization Survey found that the number of persons age 12 or older who had been victims of violent crime during the prior six months increased 17% from 2015 to 2017; and

WHEREAS, some jurisdictions are ignoring entire classes of drug offenses based on non-interventionist policies and priorities; and

WHEREAS, there are numerous examples of law enforcement officers in major metropolitan cities being constrained from taking action while observing open and notorious illicit drug dealing based on these non-interventionist policies and priorities; and

WHEREAS, prosecutors are refusing to charge certain drug and drug-related offenses in some jurisdictions; and

WHEREAS, for example, some state and local prosecuting offices have announced that they will not file charges for possession of any drug under a certain threshold amount (e.g., two grams) despite still being a criminal offense in their jurisdiction and regardless of surrounding or aggravating circumstances; and

WHEREAS, the democratic process (e.g., legislative action, ballot measures, etc.) determines whether criminal laws relating to drugs should be enacted, repealed, or modified; and

WHEREAS, law enforcement officers and prosecutors have a duty to execute the will of the people by enforcing the criminal laws passed by their legislative branches of government or through other democratic processes to ensure the safety of the populace they are sworn to protect and serve; and

WHEREAS, once the decision to prosecute has been made, federal prosecutors are directed to charge and pursue the most serious, readily provable offenses absent circumstances justifying an exception. Now, therefore, be it

RESOLVED, that the International Association of Chiefs of Police encourages all law enforcement professionals—including federal, state, and local prosecutors—to vigorously enforce our United States drug laws in recognition and honor of the victims of drug-related crime.

Submitted by: Narcotics & Dangerous Drugs Committee

NDD.13.19

WHEREAS, the United States is in the midst of an opioid public health crisis; and

WHEREAS, drug overdose is the leading cause of accidental death in the United States, with 70,237 lethal drug overdoses in 2017; and

WHEREAS, opioid overdose deaths surged to 47,600 in 2017, which account for 67.8% of all drug overdose deaths in 2017; and

WHEREAS, from 2016 to 2017, synthetic opioid–involved overdose death rates increased 45.2%; and

WHEREAS, from 2013 to 2017, drug overdose death rates increased in 35 of 50 states and the District of Columbia, and significant increases in death rates involving synthetic opioids occurred in 15 of 20 states, driven by illicitly manufactured fentanyl and fentanyl-related substances; and

WHEREAS, a number of factors appear to be contributing to this public health crisis, chief among the causes is the sharp increase in recent years in the availability of illicitly produced fentanyl and fentanyl- related substances, which are potent substances structurally related to fentanyl; and

WHEREAS, illicit fentanyl, a synthetic opioid, is approximately 100 times more potent than morphine and the substances structurally related to fentanyl are also dangerously potent; and

WHEREAS, illicit fentanyl and fentanyl-related substances are manufactured outside the United States by clandestine manufacturers and then smuggled into the United States; and

WHEREAS, illicit fentanyl and fentanyl-related substances are often mixed with heroin and other substances such as cocaine and methamphetamine or used in counterfeit pharmaceutical prescription drugs; and

WHEREAS, users who buy these substances on the illicit market are often unaware of the specific substance they are actually consuming and the associated risk, further exacerbating this public health crisis; and

WHEREAS, a holistic approach, including action by states, the international community, and the federal government is necessary to fight the scourge of trafficking in illicit fentanyl and fentanyl-related substances; and

WHEREAS, at the state level, Wisconsin passed legislation in 2017 designed to curtail the availability of fentanyl-related substances and curb opioid abuse by scheduling fentanyl-related substances as a class and making criminal offenses punishable in the same manner as offenses relating to other synthetic opiates; and

WHEREAS, at the international level, China has recently taken action to ban variants of fentanyl, including additional restrictions on fentanyl-related substances as of May 1, 2019; and

WHEREAS, at the federal level, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) issued eight temporary scheduling orders to control seventeen substances structurally related to fentanyl since 2015 in response to this crisis; and

WHEREAS, this federal approach has not prevented the emergence of new substances structurally related to fentanyl; and

WHEREAS, when DEA temporarily controls a given substance structurally related to fentanyl, illicit manufacturers located abroad begin producing new such substances through other structural modifications; and

WHEREAS, those new nonscheduled substances then are smuggled into the United States, where they are distributed by traffickers in this country as a purportedly “non-controlled’’ substance, and, in this way, traffickers are effectively circumventing the temporary control mechanism that Congress established under 21 U.S.C. § 811(h) to combat newly emerging dangerous drugs and attempting to avoid the Controlled Substances Analogue Enforcement Act; and

WHEREAS, in response, DEA issued a temporary scheduling order to schedule all illicit fentanyl and fentanyl-related substances that are not currently listed in any schedule of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) and their isomers, esters, ethers, salts and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers in schedule I effective February 6, 2018; and

WHEREAS, the temporary scheduling order for fentanyl-related substances will expire on February 6, 2020, unless made permanent; and

WHEREAS, congressional action by permanently scheduling fentanyl-related substances in schedule I of the CSA prior to February 6, 2020, is vital to stemming the flow of these substances from other countries and protecting United States communities from the ravages of synthetic opioid addiction, overdoses, and overdose deaths; and

WHEREAS, companion versions of the Stopping Overdoses of Fentanyl Analogues (SOFA) Act were reintroduced on May 22, 2019, in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate; and

WHEREAS, the SOFA Act permanently adds seventeen known fentanyl-related substances in schedule I of the CSA and gives DEA the authority to immediately schedule new fentanyl-related substances as they are discovered, making enforcement and scheduling procedures more proactive. Now, therefore, be it

RESOLVED, that the International Association of Chiefs of Police strongly urges the United States Congress to permanently schedule fentanyl-related substances and to provide the DEA the authority to immediately schedule new fentanyl-related substances as they are discovered, through legislation such as the SOFA Act, in order to close a loophole that allows transnational and domestic drug traffickers to avoid criminal penalties for deadly illicit fentanyl and fentanyl-related substances and allow enforcement agencies to be proactive, rather than reactive, in the battle against opioid addiction, overdose, and overdose deaths.

Submitted by: Narcotics & Dangerous Drugs Committee

NDD.14.19

WHEREAS, by passage of the United States Controlled Substances Act approximately 50 years ago Congress made the judgment that marijuana is a schedule I controlled substance under the Act; and

WHEREAS, by its placement of marijuana within schedule I, United States Congress determined that marijuana has a high potential for abuse, no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States, and a lack of accepted safety for use of the substance under medical supervision; and

WHEREAS, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has evaluated the scientific evidence and determined that marijuana has no safe and effective medical use, and, therefore, marijuana must remain classified as a schedule I controlled substance in the United States; and

WHEREAS, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), has stated that marijuana use distorts perception, impairs coordination, causes difficulty with thinking and problem-solving, and disrupts both learning and memory; and

WHEREAS, NIDA has observed that with respect to workers, marijuana smoking is related to increased absences, tardiness, accidents, workers’ compensation claims, and job turnover; and

WHEREAS, NIDA has recognized that “[r]esearch from different areas is converging on the fact that regular marijuana use by young people can have long-lasting negative impact on the structure and function of their brains.” With respect to those who begin smoking marijuana heavily in their teens, a loss of up to 8 IQ points may be suffered and that this loss in IQ will not be reversed by marijuana smokers who quit as adults; and

WHEREAS, NIDA concluded that marijuana is addictive, contrary to public misconception; and

WHEREAS, despite federal prohibition and the FDA’s and NIH’s findings, 10 states and the District of Columbia have legalized marijuana for personal or “recreational” use as of February 2019; and

WHEREAS, 33 states, along with the District of Columbia, Guam, and Puerto Rico, authorize marijuana for medical use as of February 2019; and

WHEREAS, 46 states, along with the District of Columbia, Guam, and Puerto Rico, have enacted laws allowing the medically authorized use of marijuana or marijuana extracts as of February 2019; and

WHEREAS, state marijuana legalization laws are in clear conflict with the federal Controlled Substances Act, which should control under the Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution; and

WHEREAS, the United Nations’ International Narcotics Control Board determined that the enactment of marijuana legalization laws by these states is in violation of international drug control treaties; and

WHEREAS, in August 2013, then Deputy Attorney General James Cole issued a memorandum that announced that the United States Department of Justice would not challenge marijuana legalization policies enacted by several states; and

WHEREAS, the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), in its Resolution in Support for the Rescinding of the Cole Memo previously stated, and states here again that the decision to not challenge state marijuana laws “ignored the connection between marijuana and crime, the enforcement problems created by trafficking marijuana across state, local, and tribal borders, as well as the adverse economic and social costs that marijuana legalization causes”; and

WHEREAS, the maze of varying state-specific marijuana legislation and recent congressional action legalizing domestic hemp have created significant challenges and confusion for law enforcement personnel attempting to enforce the nation’s drug laws. Now, therefore, be it

RESOLVED, that the IACP reaffirms its past position on the dangers and risks posed by cannabis sativa l; its long-standing opposition to the legalization and/or decriminalization of marijuana; and its support of the United States Attorneys’ ability to effectively investigate and prosecute those individuals involved in the production and sale of marijuana in violation of federal law.

Submitted by: Narcotics & Dangerous Drugs Committee

NDD.15.19

WHEREAS, there is a need for domestic and international law enforcement agencies at all levels to focus on negative impacts upon communities associated with drug trafficking and other criminal enterprises by transnational criminal organizations (TCOs); and

WHEREAS, TCOs continue to grow in the United States through expansion of networks and interaction with local criminal groups and gangs; and

WHEREAS, the trafficking of deadly fentanyl and similar illicit drugs by TCOs, which are easier to transport without detection and substantially more powerful than morphine, present a clear and present danger to the global populace and are contributors to a public health crisis in the United States and countries around the world; and

WHEREAS, the United Nations Security Council has noted the close connection between international terrorism and transnational organized crime, including illicit drug trafficking and money laundering;1 and

WHEREAS, the rise in the use of the Dark Web and virtual currency transactions by TCOs to conduct illicit trade poses unique challenges to the international law enforcement community that requires global coordination, action, and support to combat; and

WHEREAS, the United Nations General Assembly called for international cooperation to address and counter the world drug problem, inter alia, more effective drug-related crime prevention and law enforcement measures, urges coordination with other international entities, including the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL), as well as by addressing links with other forms of organized crime, including money laundering, corruption, and other criminal activities, mindful of their social and economic causes and consequences;2 and

WHEREAS, a global action approach to law enforcement that leverages investigative coordination and information sharing programs such as Interpol or the Drug Enforcement Administration–led multi- agency Special Operations Division, El Paso Intelligence Center, and other fusion centers with investigative strategies that follow drug proceeds back to the sources of supply will have the most significant overall law enforcement and community impact; and

WHEREAS, numerous operations have shown that investigations that prioritize depriving TCOs of illicit proceeds by following the money, no matter its form, within the financial system or in virtual currency, from illegal drug sales back to the sources of supply, result in effective dismantlement by depriving these TCOs of funds to support ongoing drug trafficking operations and other criminal enterprises. Now, therefore, be it

RESOLVED, that the International Association of Chiefs of Police encourages, where practicable, the adoption of a global action approach to fully exploit all available investigative leads, information, and links to other active investigations in combating TCOs engaged in drug trafficking, money laundering, terrorism, bribery, human trafficking, and other criminal offenses, including using INTERPOL resources and policing capabilities.

Submitted by: Narcotics & Dangerous Drugs Committee

NDD.16.19

1 UN Security Council Resolution 1373, Threats to International Peace and Security Caused by Terrorist Acts (2001),  https://www.un.org/sc/ctc/resources/databases/recommended-international-practices-codes-and-  standards/united-nations-security-council-resolution-1373-2001.

2 UN General Assembly Resolution 73/192, International Cooperation to Address and Counter the World Drug Problem (2019), https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/73/192.

WHEREAS, the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) supports efforts of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Intelligence and Analysis; and

WHEREAS, IACP recognizes the importance of strong relationships between law enforcement and the private sector; and

WHEREAS, IACP recognizes that collaboration between law enforcement and the private sector is vital to real-time information sharing on evolving threats and enhancing the security of our communities; and

WHEREAS, IACP recognizes that the core mission of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is to deter and respond to threats against the United States; and

WHEREAS, IACP acknowledges that the Homeland Security Information Network (HSIN) is the primary mechanism by which DHS and other organizations share intelligence on these threats with vetted partners from across all levels of government and the private sector; and

WHEREAS, IACP acknowledges that the HSIN-Critical Infrastructure (HSIN-CI) platform is a resource that allows DHS and other partners to provide the private sector with an updated threat picture, best practices, programs, security, response, and recovery information relating to critical infrastructure. Now, therefore, be it

RESOLVED, that the IACP encourages the use of HSIN-CI for sharing and obtaining information integral to the protection and operations of critical infrastructure by law enforcement agencies and the private sector communities they serve.

Submitted by: Private Sector Liaison Section

PSLS.17.19

WHEREAS, the protection of law enforcement officers is essential if we are to continue to have a highly qualified crime prevention force; and

WHEREAS, the law enforcement community is increasingly dependent on ballistic vests for protection against handgun bullets; and

WHEREAS, law enforcement officers are seriously threatened by the use of certain handgun bullets that are too often available to the public and capable of penetrating ballistic vests; and

WHEREAS, the law enforcement community has expressed deep concern about such risk; and

WHEREAS, since 2015 through May 31, 2019, there have been 223 law enforcement officers killed by gunfire in the United States; and

WHEREAS, existing law, such as the law passed in 1986 by the U.S. Congress provides for a prohibition on the manufacture or importation of armor-piercing ammunition based on the specific materials from which it is made, to wit: “a projectile or projectile core which may be used in a handgun and which is construed entirely from one or a combination of tungsten alloys, steel, iron, brass, bronze, beryllium copper, or depleted uranium”; and

WHEREAS, the United States Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 expanded the definition of armor-piercing ammunition to include “a full jacketed projectile larger than .22 caliber designed and intended for use in a handgun and whose jacket has a weight of more than 25% of the total weight of the projectile; and

WHEREAS, there are too often no restrictions on ammunition that may be manufactured from any other material, and which can pierce ballistic vests; and

WHEREAS, recently certain private manufacturers, start-ups and non-profits have indicated their intentions to design handgun ammunition specifically capable of penetrating ballistic vests; and

WHEREAS, such ammunition, already being manufactured and planned for manufacture, would logically be intended only to murder law enforcement officers without any other justified usage; and

WHEREAS, “performance-based” standards, which evaluate ammunition’s actual ability to penetrate body armor, make more sense in helping to decide which ammunition ought to be outlawed than do standards based on what the projectile is made of. Now, therefore, be it

RESOLVED, the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) calls upon legislators to enact laws specific to the prohibition of manufacturing, use, and possession of ballistic body armor-piercing ammunition by and for anyone other than law enforcement officers and agencies; and to fund the development of the performance-based standards needed for their efficient and effective enforcement; and be it

FURTHER RESOLVED, the IACP has gone on record1 as condemning such ammunition and urges law- making bodies to set aside any partisan considerations in enacting legislation that includes performance- based standards on actual ballistic vest penetration to ban ammunition which is specifically designed, intended, or built with the ability to penetrate ballistic vests.

Submitted by: Patrol & Tactical Operations Committee and Firearms Committee

PTO.18.19

1 “Reduce and Prevent Firearms Violence,” in IACP Policy Priorities 2019-2021, https://www.theiacp.org/sites/default/files/IACP%20Policy%20Priorities_2019-2021.pdf.

WHEREAS, in the United States, an estimated 3.1 million men, women, and children (12 or older) were the victims of violent crimes in 2017;1 and

WHEREAS, in the United States, more than 1.2 million violent crimes and 7.6 million property crimes were reported to the police in 2017;2 and

WHEREAS, from 2016 to 2010, nearly 60% (59.6%) of rape and sexual assault victims surveyed did not report their victimization to police;3 and

WHEREAS, according to the National Crime Victimization Survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Justice Statistics, crime victims do not report to the police for a variety of reasons, including they do not believe the police will do anything, they fear retaliation, or they do not believe their report is important enough;4 and

WHEREAS, due to the traumatic nature of violent crime, a victim’s ability to give an account of the incident may be impaired and without an understanding of the neurobiology of trauma, their account might be viewed by police, prosecutors, loved ones, and others, as inconsistent, inaccurate, or unreliable;5 and

WHEREAS, the effects of trauma including the inability to process information, inability to remember details or chronology of events, the inability to physically move or fight back while being attacked, and disassociation;6 and

WHEREAS, victims who experience violent crime may have impaired decision-making and impaired memory and should not be asked to make long-term investigative or prosecution decisions immediately after the crime;7 and

WHEREAS, studies have shown that all individuals have implicit and explicit biases that may unknowingly affect some law enforcement professionals’ perception of a victim thus impacting their objectiveness during an investigation;8 and

WHEREAS, it has been presented in the media and in some instances some law enforcement professionals are prompting victims to waive their rights to an investigation either because they do not believe the victim or do not think that the case has prosecutorial merit;9 and

WHEREAS, it is known that some law enforcement professionals prematurely address the issue of prosecution with victims, asking them in their initial interview whether they “want to prosecute” the suspect and/or pressuring victims into signing a release waiver; and

WHEREAS, this practice is patently unfair to victims because it sidesteps the law enforcement agency’s responsibility for investigating the report and takes advantage of some victims’ lack of understanding of how the criminal justice system works; and

WHEREAS, due to this behavior, offenders are not being held responsible for the crimes committed thus allowing perpetrators to repeat criminal acts; and

WHEREAS, according to the IACP Sexual Assault Response Policy and Training Guidelines, victims of crime should not be asked to sign non-investigate or non-prosecution statements or waivers, and by asking victims to sign these forms may deter them from reporting future crimes or seeking victim services. Now, therefore, be it

RESOLVED, that law enforcement agencies should discontinue the use of waivers or forms to not investigate, regardless of the type of crime; and be it

FURTHER RESOLVED, that law enforcement agencies should provide trauma-informed interviewing and investigation training so that all agency members understand how trauma impacts crime victims; and be it

FURTHER RESOLVED, that the International Association of Chiefs of Police strongly discourages the use of any type of Victim Waiver forms that seek to reduce a victim’s legal rights to justice and empowerment.

Submitted by: Victim Services Committee

Co-Sponsored by: Police Investigative Operations Committee, Human & Civil Rights Committee, Juvenile Justice & Child Protection Committee, Crime Prevention Committee

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1 Rachel E. Morgan and Jennifer L. Truman, Criminal Victimization, 2017 (Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, December 2018), https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/cv17.pdf.

2 Federal Bureau of Investigation, Crime in the United States, 2017, Uniform Crime Reports, https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-   u.s/2017/crime-in-the-u.s.-2017.

3 Lynn Langton et al., Victimizations Not Reported to the Police, 2006-2010 (Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, August 2012), https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/vnrp0610.pdf.

4 Langton et al., Victimizations Not Reported to the Police, https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/vnrp0610.pdf.

5 Christopher Wilson, Kimberly A. Lonsway, and Joanne Archambault, Understanding the Neurobiology of Trauma and Implications for Interviewing Victims (End Violence Against Women International, 2016),   https://www.evawintl.org/Library/DocumentLibraryHandler.ashx?id=842.

6 Wilson, Lonsway, and Archambault, Understanding the Neurobiology of Trauma and Implications for Interviewing Victims.

7 National Center for Victims of Crime, “How Crime Victims React to Trauma,” https://victimsofcrime.org/help-for-crime-   victims/get-help-bulletins-for-crime-victims/how-crime-victims-react-to-trauma.

8 National Initiative for Building Community Trust & Justice, “Implicit Bias,”   https://trustandjustice.org/resources/intervention/implicit-bias.

9 Catherine Rentz, “Hundreds of Baltimore-Area Sex Assault Victims Signed Waivers Releasing Police from Duty of Investigating,” The Baltimore Sun, February 19, 2019, https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/investigations/bs-md-sex-assault-   waivers-20190219-story.html.

WHEREAS, in the United States, the number of persons age 12 or older who have been victims of violent crime rose from 2.7 million in 2015 to 2.9 million in 2016 and 3.1 million in 2017;1 and

WHEREAS, in the United States, more than 1.2 million violent crimes, and 7.6 million property crimes were reported to the police in 2017;2 and

WHEREAS, law enforcement officers serve an important role in the experience of many crime victims and are often the first point of contact for a victim after a crime has occurred; and

WHEREAS, research shows that victim advocacy services facilitate victim recovery and increase access to other services in the community, including the criminal justice system;3 and

WHEREAS, a crime victim’s perception of the criminal justice system can be impacted, either positively or negatively, by the manner in which they are treated from the first response throughout the follow-up investigation and beyond; and

WHEREAS, how law enforcement agencies treat victims is a direct reflection of each agency’s philosophy of policing and core values; and

WHEREAS, recent statistics reveal that only 13% of U.S. law enforcement agencies report having a specialized Victim Services Unit with full- or part-time personnel;4 and

WHEREAS, in the United States, there are now 41 states mandating that police notify crime victims about the existence of victim compensation opportunities;5 and

WHEREAS, access to comprehensive victim services at the time of reporting to law enforcement may enhance victims’ safety, the healing process, and their ability to participate in the criminal justice process; and

WHEREAS, each year the Crime Victims Fund makes funding available for state and local programs through the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA), and that funding can be used to support Victim Services Units that are embedded within law enforcement agencies, either by working independently or by working in cooperation with other similarly situated law enforcement agencies to provide regional services, yet these funds are underutilized by law enforcement agencies.6 Now, therefore, be it

RESOLVED, that law enforcement agencies of all sizes take steps to establish and embed Victim Services Units into their operations by employing personnel or by developing formal partnerships with local victim services organizations7 so that crime victims have immediate access to professional personnel who understand the complexities of trauma and victim needs; and be it

FURTHER RESOLVED, that law enforcement executives demonstrate departmental and civic leadership by acknowledging the devastating impact that crime has on residents, and therefore take action to strengthen their ability to contribute to victim recovery and community resilience through on-site services and support by employing and embedding specialized victim services personnel, or through development of formal partnerships with victim services organizations; and be it

FURTHER RESOLVED, that the International Association of Chiefs of Police strongly urges state and local law enforcement agencies to work in collaboration with Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) administrators and local legislators in their states to identify opportunities and to allocate adequate funding for law enforcement-based victim services programs.

Submitted by: Victim Services Committee

Co-Sponsored by: Police Investigative Operations Committee, Private Sector Liaison Section, Crime Prevention Committee, Juvenile Justice & Child Protection Committee, and Human & Civil

Rights Committee

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1 Rachel E. Morgan and Jennifer L. Truman, Criminal Victimization, 2017 (Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, December 2018), https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/cv17.pdf.

2 Federal Bureau of Investigation, Crime in the United States, 2017, Uniform Crime Reports, https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-   u.s/2017/crime-in-the-u.s.-2017.

3 Kimberly A. Lonsway and Joanne Archambault, Effective Victim Advocacy in the Criminal Justice System (End Violence Against Women International, updated June 2019), https://www.evawintl.org/library/DocumentLibraryHandler.ashx?id=32.

4 U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS),

2013 (Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, 2015),   https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/NACJD/studies/36164/version/2.

5 National Crime Victim Law Institute, “Victim Rights Laws by State,” https://law.lclark.edu/live/news/23544-victims-rights-law-   by-state.

6 National Association of VOCA Assistance Administrators, “State Administrator Directory,” https://navaa.org/state-   administrator-directory.

7 IACP, Establishing or Enhancing Law Enforcement-Based Victim Services – What Are the Key Considerations? Key Considerations (June 2019), 15–17.

WHEREAS, the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) is the world’s largest membership organization of police executives that provides the professional voice of law enforcement and is comprised of numerous agencies that serve jurisdictions including closed communities such as the military, university, and college campuses; and

WHEREAS, the impact of juvenile crime on military installations impacts both the military and civil communities physically, emotionally, and operationally and corrupts the safety and security of these communities; and

WHEREAS, under current jurisdictional alignment most juveniles with significant criminal behavioral issues are removed from military installations and relocated into our civilian communities further burdening the juvenile justice system, law enforcement, and community services and victimizing citizens. This initiative enables a community approach to collectively address and resolve current and future juvenile criminal activities; and

WHEREAS, adoption of concurrent jurisdiction for juveniles on military installations facilitates early engagement of juveniles through diversion programs and rehabilitation and ensures victims are not denied justice; and

WHEREAS, military installations must establish community trust and effectively and comprehensively respond to reports of juvenile crime by supporting a victim-centered approach toward those who experience juvenile crime and a perpetrator-focused investigation to hold those who commit these offenses accountable; and

WHEREAS, military installations lack efficient and effective court venues to prosecute juvenile offenders, enter them into rehabilitation or diversion programs and associated service programs aimed at enabling them in becoming productive and successful members of society; and

WHEREAS, perpetrators of juvenile crime impact the entire community, on and off the installation, family life, organizational missions, service department readiness, schools learning, and safety and security of our neighborhoods; and

WHEREAS, the military must identify process and procedure to enable the movement of juvenile crimes occurring on federal exclusive jurisdiction installations to local and state juvenile justice courts, programs and services to ensure the rule of law is properly executed for these crimes, perpetrators are held accountable and afforded the full range of services available to help them. Now, therefore, be it

RESOLVED, that the IACP calls upon law enforcement leadership in the military, civilian communities, universities, and colleges to partner with each other in order to prioritize efforts to address juvenile crime prosecution and diversion and strengthen the response, prosecution, and assistance to these crimes perpetrators and victims that occur in our communities; and be it

FURTHER RESOLVED, to encourage our communities to pursue concurrent jurisdiction for juveniles on military installations to benefit the community at large, as well as the victims and the alleged juvenile offenders. This serves our citizens and the community who place their trust in the criminal justice establishment.

Submitted by: Civilian Law Enforcement/Military Cooperation Committee and the Defense Chiefs of Police Section

Co-sponsored by: Juvenile Justice & Child Protection Committee

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